Research Library
Vaginal Use of Estradiol is Associated with a Reduced Risk of Rectal Cancer in Postmenopausal Women: A Finnish Nationwide Case-Control Study
A large study in postmenopausal women found that using vaginal estradiol may be linked to a lower risk of rectal cancer—especially with longer use. Women who used it were also diagnosed later in life, suggesting a possible protective effect.
Researchers believe localized estrogen may positively influence nearby tissues, including the rectum.
Women Hormones and Hypersensitivity: Allergic Diseases in Menopause
Hormonal shifts during menopause don’t just cause hot flashes—they can actually worsen or trigger allergic conditions like asthma, skin reactions, and chronic cough. Fluctuating estrogen and progesterone levels influence immune responses, making symptoms more intense or unpredictable.
Even factors like weight, medications, and existing health issues can amplify these effects—while treatments like HRT may help or change the course of symptoms.
Use of Menopausal Hormone Therapy Beyond Age 65 years and Its Effects on Women's Health Outcomes by Types, Routes, and Doses
The study aims to assess the use of menopausal hormone therapy beyond age 65 years and its health implications by types of estrogen/progestogen, routes of administration, and dose strengths.
Sex Hormones and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in Menopausal Women
A study on Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders shows that hormonal shifts during menopause can directly disrupt digestion—leading to symptoms like bloating and discomfort. These changes also link to mood, sleep, and even gut bacteria, creating a cycle that can worsen overall wellbeing.
Transdermal Estradiol Patches in Locally Advanced Prostate Cancer
Transdermal estradiol (tE2) is an alternative to luteinizing hormone–releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists as androgen-deprivation therapy in patients with prostate cancer. With tE2, testosterone is suppressed, and the side effects of estrogen depletion due to LHRH agonists and the thromboembolic side effects of oral estrogen are mitigated.
Why Does Female Fertility Decline So Fast? The Key Is the Ovary
With a new imaging technique, scientists discover an ecosystem that determines how eggs mature and ovaries age.
Food and Drug Administration Expert Panel on Testosterone Replacement Therapy for Men; Request for Information
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA, the Agency, or we) is announcing a request for information from interested parties and the public to share their perspectives with FDA on testosterone replacement therapy for men. The Agency intends to use the information submitted to help inform considerations related to testosterone therapy for men.
Breast Arterial Calcification: a Novel Cardiovascular Risk Enhancer among Postmenopausal Women
Breast arterial calcification (BAC), a common incidental finding in mammography, has been shown to be associated with angiographic coronary artery disease and cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes. We aimed to: 1) Examine the association of BAC presence and quantity with hard atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) and global CVD; 2) Ascertain model calibration, discrimination and reclassification of ASCVD risk; 3) Assess the joint effect of BAC presence and 10-year Pooled Cohorts Equations (PCE) risk on ASCVD.
Primary Ovarian Insufficiency Resources
Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) is the term used to describe when a woman’s ovaries stop working normally before she reaches the age of 40. POI is not the same as early or premature menopause. Many women with POI do not get monthly menstrual periods, or they have them irregularly. Problems with ovulation may make it difficult for women with POI to get pregnant. In addition, women with POI are at higher risk for certain health conditions, such as osteoporosis, than are women who do not have POI.
Sex-Specific Body Fat Distribution Predicts Cardiovascular Ageing
Cardiovascular ageing is a progressive loss of physiological reserve, modified by environmental and genetic risk factors, that contributes to multi-morbidity due to accumulated damage across diverse cell types, tissues, and organs. Obesity is implicated in premature ageing, but the effect of body fat distribution in humans is unknown. This study determined the influence of sex-dependent fat phenotypes on human cardiovascular ageing.
Determining the Status of Small Dense Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Level in Woman Undergoing Menopausal Transition
Research on small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (sdLDL-C) and menopausal status remains scarce. Our aim is to evaluate the relationship between serum sdLDL-C level and different menopausal status in a Chinese women population.
Changes in Body Composition and Weight During the Menopause Transition
The relation between the menopause transition (MT) and changes in body composition or weight remains uncertain. We hypothesized that, independent of chronological aging, the MT would have a detrimental influence on body composition.
Vaginal Estrogen Linked to Better Survival Among Women with Breast Cancer
Genitourinary syndrome of menopause can be treated with vaginal estrogen therapy. However, there are concerns about the safety of vaginal estrogen therapy in patients with breast cancer.
Menopause Medication May Help to Prevent Invasive Breast Cancer, Study Finds
A drug already approved by the FDA to treat menopause symptoms may also help to prevent invasive breast cancer, according to recent findings from a clinical trial led by Northwestern Medicine. The research was presented at the 2025 ASCO Annual Meeting (Abstract 512).
Role of Female Sex Hormones, Estradiol and Progesterone, in Mast Cell Behavior
Female sex hormones influence mast cell (MC) behavior, affecting allergic and inflammatory responses. Evidence links estrogen and progesterone to MC maturation, degranulation, and asthma severity, with clinical patterns seen in perimenstrual symptoms and hormone therapy. This review summarizes current knowledge on their role in MC regulation.